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The Celtic Club is Australia's oldest surviving Irish Club. It is non-political and secular, catering for those of Irish and Irish/Australian heritage and anyone else with an interest in Irish culture, the Irish contribution to Australia and the wider Celtic family. The Club is also aware of its Australian heritage and acknowledges that it stands on the traditional land of the Wurundjeri people of the Kulin Nation. == Overview == Founded on 26 September 1887, the Club was originally a semi-political association, supportive of Irish Home Rule amongst Melbourne's sizeable Irish population; and championing the rights of Irish Australians in an establishment otherwise dominated by the Anglo-Saxon, (largely Protestant) traditions of Great Britain and its colonies.〔O'Hearn, p. 6.〕 Reflecting this political background, the original name of the club was the 'Celtic Home Rule Club'.〔O'Farrell, p. 176.〕〔Bishop, p. 146.〕 Though politicised, the club nevertheless sought to avoid domination by the clergy, both to avoid offending Protestant Irish members and to preserve the institution as a contributor to the secular life and culture of Melbourne.〔Chris McConville, "Irish", in Andrew Brown-May and Shurlee Swain (eds), ''The Encyclopedia of Melbourne'', Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp.370–371.〕 The Club had its formal opening in 1888. Meetings of the Club were originally held at the Imperial Hotel, before the first club rooms were opened at 82 Collins Street. This makes the club the second-oldest Irish organisation in Australia, after the Sydney-based Hibernian Society (founded 1880); and the popularity of such an association is evident from the membership increasing from only 70 to 400 within its first year.〔 The dominant figure of the club from its foundation to the early 20th century, was Morgan Jaguers, who also headed Melbourne's Irish Land League, Irish National League, United Irish League and Melbourne Irish Pipers' Club.〔O'Farrell, pp. 171–173, 257.〕 A mason and enthusiast for Celtic art forms (then becoming popular in Ireland), Jaguers is also famous for the introduction of the traditional Celtic Cross to the Irish-Catholic areas of Melbourne's cemeteries: a monumental feature which largely dominated from the 1890s to the present day. Disagreements within the club over political crises back in Ireland almost destroyed it as a viable entity. The Parnell divorce scandal (1890–1891) caused a split in the club between continued supporters of Parnell and his detractors.〔O'Hearn, pp. 24–25.〕〔O'Farrell, p. 234.〕 Such was the turmoil wrought by the Parnell case, the club was refounded at the corner of Collins Street and Swanston Street, in 1891.〔O'Hearn, p.25.〕 Enduring such divisions (and threatened bankruptcy in 1900), the club remained the Australian centre for fundraising aimed at establishing a free Ireland, and a peak was reached in 1912 with the profitable departure dinner of Irish envoys W. A. Redmond and J. T. Donovan. The pair, feted by notaries from all over the country, left Australia after eighteen months with £30,000 to devote to the cause.〔Walter A. Ebsworth, ''Archibishop Mannix'', Armadale: H. H. Stephenson, 1977, p.125.〕 Despite being a focal point for often overt sectarianism, the "Triumphant Years" of the club (and its associated St. Patrick's Day events) were between 1908–1913, during which attendances at marches rose to 100,000, and successive Governors-General also put in appearances at the club and festivities, before the First World War brought renewed tensions.〔O'Hearn, pp. 39–41.〕 With civil war threatening in Ireland in 1914, Club president Major T. M. McInerney took the remarkable step of cabling British Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith with an offer of assistance from the club.〔O'Farrell, p. 281.〕 The actual outbreak of war led to the club slowly losing touch with mainstream events, its chief members clinging to outmoded ideas about an autonomous Ireland within the United Kingdom, long after the rank and file had turned to republicanism.〔 The Easter Rising (1916) and Anglo-Irish War (1919–1921) reignited the divide between British loyalism and Irish nationalist feeling in Melbourne, resulting in the increased politicisation of St. Patrick's Day marches and events with which the club was associated. Archbishop Daniel Mannix's championing of the 'No Conscription' case caused tension within the Celtic Club; but the Irish Civil War (1922-1923) was most divisive, as politicised Irish Melburninans were forced to choose between the government of the new Irish Free State and the Irish Republican Army (headed by Éamon de Valera). The club practically split again in 1920 as a result of this, as well as the city council's attempts to ban the St. Patrick's Day celebrations.〔〔O'Hearn, p. 42.〕 Irish politics quickly became less important, particularly as the effects of bitter division and infighting on Melbourne's Irish community became apparent.〔O'Farrell, ''The Irish in Australia'', p.290.〕 The Celtic Club was one of the few survivors from the plethora of Irish-Australian political and social organisations which existed before the turmoil of the First World War.〔 As the 20th century progressed, the club began to assume its current form as a purely social gathering place for "respectable gentlemen".〔O'Hearn, p. 32.〕 The Club is now open to all. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Melbourne Celtic Club」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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